1983:
Operating Systems: Lisa OS
Programming Languages: Ada; Parlog; Turbo Pascal; C++
Computers: Apple IIe; Lisa; IBM XT; IBM PC Jr; ARM (microprocessor); Cray X-MP/4 (941 MFLOPS)
Operating Systems: GEM; AmigaOS; AtariOS; WIndows 1.0; Mac OS 2
Programming Languages: PARADOX
Computers: Cray-2/8 (3.9 GFLOPS); Atari ST; Commodore Amiga; Apple Macintosh XL; Intel 80386 (microprocessor); Sun SPARC (microprocessor)
Software: Apple Macintosh Office; Aldus PageMaker (Macintosh only)
Technology: desktop publishing; EGA video card; CD-ROM; expanded memory (for IBM-PC compatibles; Apple LaserWriter
Operating Systems: Mach; AIX; GS-OS; HP-UX; Mac OS 3
Programming Languages: CLP(R); Eiffel
Computers: Apple IIGS; Apple Macintosh Plus; Amstrad 1512; ARM2 (microprocessor); Cray XMP-48
Software: Apple Macintosh Programmer’s Workshop
Games: The Legend of Zelda
Technology: SCSI
Operating Systems: IRIX; Minix; OS/2; Windows 2.0; MDOS (Myarc Disk Operating System); Mac OS 4; Mac OS 5
Programming Languages: HyperTalk; Perl
Computers: Apple Macintosh II; Apple macintosh SE; Acorn Archimedes; Connection Machine (first massive parallel computer); IBM PS/2; Commodore Amiga 500; Nintendo Entertainment System
Software: Apple Hypercard; Apple MultiFinder; Adobe Illustrator (Macintosh only; later ported to NeXT, Silicon Graphics IRIX, Sun Solaris, and Microsoft Windows); Design (which eventually became ImagePro and then Photoshop; Macintosh only); QuarkXPress (Macintosh only)
Games: Final Fantasy
Technology: massive parallel computing; VGA video card; sound card for IBM-PC compatibles; Apple Desktop Bus (ADB)
Operating Systems: OS/400; Mac OS 6
Programming Languages: CLOS; Mathematica; Oberon
Computers: Cray Y-MP; Apple IIc Plus
Software: ImagePro (which eventually became Photoshop; Macintosh only); Mathematica (Macintosh only)
Technology: optical chip; EISA bus
Operating Systems: NeXtStep; RISC OS; SCO UNIX
Programming Languages: Standard Interchange Language
Computers: Intel 80486 (microprocessor); ETA10-G/8 (10.3 GFLOPS)
Software: Microsoft Office; first (pre-Adobe) version of Photoshop (Macintosh only)
Games: Sim; SimCity
Technology: ATA interface, World Wide Web
1990s
Operating Systems: BeOS; OSF/1
Programming Languages: Haskell
Computers: NEC SX-3/44R (Japan, 23.2 GFLOPS); Cray XMS; Cray Y-MP 8/8-64 (first Cray supercomputer to use UNIX); Apple Macintosh Classic; Neo Geo; Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Software: Adobe Photoshop (Macintosh only)
Technology: SVGA video card; VESA driver
Operating Systems: Solaris; Windows 3.1; OS/2 2.0; SLS Linux; Tru64 UNIX
Computers: Cray C90 (1 GFLOP)
Games: Mortal Kombat
Operating Systems: Windows NT 3.1; Stackware Linux; Debian GNU/Linux; Newton
Programming Languages: AppleScript
Computers: Cray EL90; Cray T3D; Apple Newton; Apple Macintosh TV; Intel Pentium (microprocessor, 66MHz); Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 (59.7 GFLOPS); Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel (Japan, 124.50 GFLOPS); Intel Paragon XP/S 140 (143.40 GFLOPS)
Games: Myst (first puzzle-based computer adventure game; CD-ROM game for Macintosh); Doom
Technology: MP3
Operating Systems: Red Hat Linux
Programming Languages: Java
Computers: Cray J90; Apple Power Macintosh; Sony PlayStation; Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel (Japan, 170.40 GFLOPS)
Technology: DNA computing
Operating Systems: Lisa OS
Programming Languages: Ada; Parlog; Turbo Pascal; C++
Computers: Apple IIe; Lisa; IBM XT; IBM PC Jr; ARM (microprocessor); Cray X-MP/4 (941 MFLOPS)
Games: Dragon’s Lair (raster arcade video
game, first video game to use laserdisc video; note that the gambling device
Quarterhorse used the laserdisc first); Elevator Action (raster arcade video
game); Gyruss (raster arcade video game, used the musical score Toccata and
Fugue in D minor by Bach); Mappy (raster arcade video game, side scrolling);
Mario Bros. (raster arcade video game); Spy Hunter (raster arcade video game,
musical score Peter Gunn); Star Wars (vector arcade video game, digitized
samples from the movie of actor’s voices); Tapper (raster arcade video game) Technology:
math coprocessor; PC harddisk
1984:
Operating Systems: GNU project started; MacOS 1
Programming Languages: Standard ML; PostScript
Computers: Apple Macintosh; IBM AT; Apple IIc; MIPS R2000 (microprocessor); M-13 (U.S.S.R., 2.4 GFLOPS); Cray XMP-22
Software: Apple MacWrite; Apple MacPaint
Games: 1942 (raster arcade video game); Paperboy (raster arcade video game, unusual controllers, high resolution display); Punch-Out (raster arcade video game, digitized voice, dual monitors)
Technology: WYSIWYG word processing; LaserJet printer; DNS (Domain Name Server); IDE interface
Programming Languages: Standard ML; PostScript
Computers: Apple Macintosh; IBM AT; Apple IIc; MIPS R2000 (microprocessor); M-13 (U.S.S.R., 2.4 GFLOPS); Cray XMP-22
Software: Apple MacWrite; Apple MacPaint
Games: 1942 (raster arcade video game); Paperboy (raster arcade video game, unusual controllers, high resolution display); Punch-Out (raster arcade video game, digitized voice, dual monitors)
Technology: WYSIWYG word processing; LaserJet printer; DNS (Domain Name Server); IDE interface
1985:
Operating Systems: GEM; AmigaOS; AtariOS; WIndows 1.0; Mac OS 2
Programming Languages: PARADOX
Computers: Cray-2/8 (3.9 GFLOPS); Atari ST; Commodore Amiga; Apple Macintosh XL; Intel 80386 (microprocessor); Sun SPARC (microprocessor)
Software: Apple Macintosh Office; Aldus PageMaker (Macintosh only)
Technology: desktop publishing; EGA video card; CD-ROM; expanded memory (for IBM-PC compatibles; Apple LaserWriter
1986:
Operating Systems: Mach; AIX; GS-OS; HP-UX; Mac OS 3
Programming Languages: CLP(R); Eiffel
Computers: Apple IIGS; Apple Macintosh Plus; Amstrad 1512; ARM2 (microprocessor); Cray XMP-48
Software: Apple Macintosh Programmer’s Workshop
Games: The Legend of Zelda
Technology: SCSI
1987:
Operating Systems: IRIX; Minix; OS/2; Windows 2.0; MDOS (Myarc Disk Operating System); Mac OS 4; Mac OS 5
Programming Languages: HyperTalk; Perl
Computers: Apple Macintosh II; Apple macintosh SE; Acorn Archimedes; Connection Machine (first massive parallel computer); IBM PS/2; Commodore Amiga 500; Nintendo Entertainment System
Software: Apple Hypercard; Apple MultiFinder; Adobe Illustrator (Macintosh only; later ported to NeXT, Silicon Graphics IRIX, Sun Solaris, and Microsoft Windows); Design (which eventually became ImagePro and then Photoshop; Macintosh only); QuarkXPress (Macintosh only)
Games: Final Fantasy
Technology: massive parallel computing; VGA video card; sound card for IBM-PC compatibles; Apple Desktop Bus (ADB)
1988:
Operating Systems: OS/400; Mac OS 6
Programming Languages: CLOS; Mathematica; Oberon
Computers: Cray Y-MP; Apple IIc Plus
Software: ImagePro (which eventually became Photoshop; Macintosh only); Mathematica (Macintosh only)
Technology: optical chip; EISA bus
1989:
Operating Systems: NeXtStep; RISC OS; SCO UNIX
Programming Languages: Standard Interchange Language
Computers: Intel 80486 (microprocessor); ETA10-G/8 (10.3 GFLOPS)
Software: Microsoft Office; first (pre-Adobe) version of Photoshop (Macintosh only)
Games: Sim; SimCity
Technology: ATA interface, World Wide Web
1990s
1990:
Operating Systems: BeOS; OSF/1
Programming Languages: Haskell
Computers: NEC SX-3/44R (Japan, 23.2 GFLOPS); Cray XMS; Cray Y-MP 8/8-64 (first Cray supercomputer to use UNIX); Apple Macintosh Classic; Neo Geo; Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Software: Adobe Photoshop (Macintosh only)
Technology: SVGA video card; VESA driver
1991:
Operating Systems: Linux kernel; Mac OS 7
Programming Languages: Python; Visual BASIC
Computers: Apple PowerBook; PowerPC (microprocessor); PARAM 8000 (India, created by Dr. Vijay Bhatkar, 1GFLOP)
Technology: CD-i
Programming Languages: Python; Visual BASIC
Computers: Apple PowerBook; PowerPC (microprocessor); PARAM 8000 (India, created by Dr. Vijay Bhatkar, 1GFLOP)
Technology: CD-i
1992:
Operating Systems: Solaris; Windows 3.1; OS/2 2.0; SLS Linux; Tru64 UNIX
Computers: Cray C90 (1 GFLOP)
Games: Mortal Kombat
1993:
Operating Systems: Windows NT 3.1; Stackware Linux; Debian GNU/Linux; Newton
Programming Languages: AppleScript
Computers: Cray EL90; Cray T3D; Apple Newton; Apple Macintosh TV; Intel Pentium (microprocessor, 66MHz); Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 (59.7 GFLOPS); Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel (Japan, 124.50 GFLOPS); Intel Paragon XP/S 140 (143.40 GFLOPS)
Games: Myst (first puzzle-based computer adventure game; CD-ROM game for Macintosh); Doom
Technology: MP3
1994:
Operating Systems: Red Hat Linux
Programming Languages: Java
Computers: Cray J90; Apple Power Macintosh; Sony PlayStation; Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel (Japan, 170.40 GFLOPS)
Technology: DNA computing
1995:
Operating Systems: OpenBSD; OS/390; Windows 95
Programming Languages: Delphi; JavaScript; PHP
Computers: BeBox; Cray T3E; Cray T90; Intel Pentium Pro (microprocessor); Sun UltraSPARC (microprocessor)
Software: Microsoft Bob
Technology: DVD; wikis
Programming Languages: Delphi; JavaScript; PHP
Computers: BeBox; Cray T3E; Cray T90; Intel Pentium Pro (microprocessor); Sun UltraSPARC (microprocessor)
Software: Microsoft Bob
Technology: DVD; wikis